Thame is an ancient market town close to the Chiltern Hills. It has a long history dating from the earliest times. This is reflected in the many old and interesting buildings including the Parish Church, Market House, and the timber framed buildings such as the Birdcage.

The town, with its boat shaped market place, was established by the Bishop of Lincoln in the 13th century. Due to the local agricultural industries the town hosted a cattle market, which today is still in operation on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.

During the Civil War, the town passed between Cavaliers and Roundheads on several occasions with numerous battles nearby. Parliamentarian John Hampden, the cousin of Oliver Cromwell, fought in the Battle of Chalgrove and was wounded, returning to Thame where he died at the Greyhound Inn.